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How to Change File Permissions in cPanel

Linux is a multi-user environment. In a multi-user environment, user and system data security is important. The security and safety of a system depend on the permissions and file ownership settings set for the main directory and its contents. Note that root users have the authority to update any file. However, this access can result in data loss or unauthorized changes. Therefore, access should be given only to users who need to access the data.

  • How to Access Your Files and Folders
  • Permissions Key
  • Troubleshoot Issues with Updating cPanel File Permissions
  • Summary

How to Access Your Files and Folders​

Follow these steps to access your files/folders and learn how to change file permissions in cPanel:

  1. Log in to your Bluehost Account Manager.

  2. In the left-hand menu, click Websites.

  3. Click the MANAGE button located next to the website you want to manage. Bluehost Account Manager - Website Manage button

  4. On the OVERVIEW tab, click on CPANEL below. Multiple hosting plans - cPane Email link

  5. Your cPanel will open in a new tab. Bluehost Account Manager - Hosting Tab - Quick Links - cPanel button - cPanel Dashboard

  6. Locate the File Manager tool under the Files category.
    File Manager icon under Files

  7. Select the file/folder name for which you wish to change permissions.

  8. Right-click on the file/folder and select Change Permissions. Set permissions as appropriate for your needs. Please see the Permissions Key below for more information.

You also have the option to update your file/folder permissions by going to the file manager

Permissions Key​

You'll generally want to restrict writable access to "group" and "world" permissions and set them only for "user" access. Files you don't want to be changed (i.e., read-only) should have writable access turned off for all types of access. If you're using chmod, below are how letters are represented:

  • r - Read permission. Whether the file may be read, in the case of a directory, this would mean the ability to list the directory contents.
  • w - Write permission. Whether the file may be written to or modified for a directory defines whether you can make any changes to directory contents. If write permission is not set, you cannot delete, rename, or create a file.
  • x - Execute permission. Whether the file may be executed, in the case of a directory, this attribute decides whether you have permission to enter, run a search through that directory, or execute some program from that directory.

Check out CGI basics for more information about chmod.

Folder Permissions​

Folders should have a permission set to 755.
Folder permissions set to 755

Files Permissions​

Files should use 644. Folder permissions set to 644

If setting to specific bit number values using chmod, they are: r = 4
w = 2
x = 1

Troubleshoot Issues with Updating cPanel File Permissions​

Below are common issues when changing or updating file permissions in cPanel and how to avoid them:

Common Issues​

  • Setting Incorrect File Ownership.
  • Set File Permissions to 777.
  • Changing Permissions That Can Affect WordPress or Drupal Sites. The proper functioning of these sites depends on specific permission settings. If these settings are not followed, it may lead to broken functionality or complete site failure.

Solutions​

  • Routinely monitor every user account to detect suspicious activities or unauthorized modifications to file permissions.
  • Stay alert to any vulnerabilities associated with your chosen hosting environment. If sensitive information is stored on the server, you could implement additional security measures, such as two-factor authentication or encryption techniques.
  • Do regular backups to protect against unintentional damage or removal of files due to incorrect permission settings.

Summary​

Find helpful instructions on accessing files and folders in a secure Linux multi-user environment and how to change their permissions in cPanel. It's important to note that user and system data security is essential, and access should only be given to those who need it. Learn more about the different types of permissions and their corresponding values so you can set the appropriate permissions for your files and folders in cPanel. You can keep your data secure by following the recommended permission settings of 755 for folders and 644 for files.